![]() The standard score is calculated by estimating the variance and standard deviation, then deriving the standard error of the mean, after which a standard score is calculated using the formula : It is often called just a standard score, z-value, normal score, and standardized variable. ![]() The Z-score is a statistic showing how many standard deviations away from the normal, usually the mean, a given observation is. If you want the Z score for the other tail of the distribution, just reverse its sign, e.g. Since the normal distribution is symmetrical, it does not matter if you are computing a left-tailed or right-tailed p-value: just select one-tailed and you will get the correct result for the direction in which the observed effect is. If the direction of the effect did not matter in the initial p-value calculation, select two-tailed, which corresponds to a point null hypothesis. If you have made a directional inference, saying something about the sign or direction of the effect, then your p-value should have been calculated as one-tailed, corresponding to a one-sided composite null hypothesis. Simply enter the P-value and choose whether it was computed for a one-tailed or two-tailed significance test to calculate the corresponding Z score using the inverse normal cumulative PDF (probability density function of the normal distribution). If you have a p-value statistic for a given set of data and want to convert it to its corresponding Z score this P to Z calculator will help you accomplish that. Using the p-value to z-score calculator.
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